Epilepsy is a chronic condition in which patients often have recurring seizures throughout life. Six million people in Europe are affected by epilepsy; of which, the most affected age groups are pre-teen children and elderly adults aged 50+. …

Intro: Patients diagnosed with lobule cancer (LC) have a poor prognosis, with only 15% of patients achieving five years of survival following chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy. Allegromab, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody binds to PD-L1 receptors expressed by tumour cells, allowing T cells to recognise and kill cancerous cells. …

Functional bowel disorder (FBD) is a group of gastrointestinal conditions where patients typically present with abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits. This article will detail the ROME IV criteria that clinicians should follow to diagnose and manage a patient presenting with FBD. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a condition where…

Presently, the conventional management of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is azathioprine and infliximab amongst others. …

For type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients there is an ongoing battle to keep blood sugar levels consistently low without risking the event of a hypoglycaemic attack. …

Rationale: As HbA1c levels for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients decrease, the risk of hypoglycaemic events occurring increases. The rate of a hypoglycaemic event for T1D to occur is 73.3 episodes per patient-year for those on insulin alone. Additional therapies have been shown to successfully lower HbA1c but are also…

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive condition affecting a patient’s central vision. Ophthalmologists diagnose the condition when fatty deposits or scarring develops on the cells found in the back of the eye (macular and retina); thus, becoming insensitive to light. As the number of fatty deposits and scarred tissue…

Rationale: Patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) gradually lose central vision. This results in a loss of independence significantly impacts patient quality of life (QoL). The implantable miniature telescope (IMT) may allow patients to regain lost vision. …